Últimas investigaciones científicas sobre cáncer colorrectal
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Background/Objectives: Resection is the treatment goal in unresectable liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR antibodies are effective in RAS wild-type mCRC, but the better option for conversion is unclear. We compared their efficacy and tolerability as first-line...
For RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the optimal maintenance strategy following first-line cetuximab-based chemotherapy remains controversial. This retrospective study enrolled 162 patients who completed ≥8 cycles of first-line cetuximab combined with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI....
Fusobacterium nucleatum has been linked to chemoresistance and immune evasion in colorectal cancer (CRC), but therapeutic strategies targeting this bacterium remain limited. In this multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial (NCT06356597), 33 patients with Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive, microsatellit...
To investigate the value of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS)-based habitat analysis in predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Consecutive patients treated between January 2018 and May 2025 were randomly divided into training and test se...
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare lung tumor with intestinal differentiation and marked overlap with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Misclassification can substantially alter therapeutic decisions. This review integrates contemporary diagnostic, molecular...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recent advances in CRC molecular biology have focused on biomarkers for early detection, prognostic stratification, treatment selection, and disease monitoring. Clinically v...
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling may complement tissue hotspot testing and reveal molecular changes during treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We prospectively studied 39 patients with newly diagnosed unresectable mCRC receiving first-line therapy. Cell-free DNA was colle...
Oncogene activity and mechanical forces individually and collectively drive colorectal cancer, yet the integration of these signals is unknown. We used a patented peristalsis bioreactor to determine how oncogenic KRAS G12C mutations alter the cellular response to colonic peristalsis. Although both h...
Liquid biopsy as a non-invasive diagnosis tool for tumor genotyping, was limited by its low sensitivity. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique could temporarily alter tissue permeability, but its role in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) released remains poor understood. This stud...
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a metabolically controlled decision point that shapes antitumor immunity, and its dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a central driver of immune‑checkpoint‑blockade (ICB) resistance in microsatellite‑stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). Mechanistically, ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its first-line chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is constrained by poor tumor selectivity, dose-limiting systemic toxicity, and the frequent emergence of drug resistance. Nanocarrier-based co-...
Whether p53-driven immune modulation represents a conserved biological programme or a context-dependent adaptation of the tumour microenvironment remains unresolved across human cancers. To address this question, we investigated the relationship between TP53 expression, p53 pathway activity and immu...
Postoperative aspirin has produced inconsistent results in molecularly unselected colorectal cancer, whereas ALASCCA supports a biomarker-selected strategy. We synthesize randomized, molecular, and mechanistic evidence and propose a cautious framework for clinical consideration. This clinically orie...
Molecular targets are common in metastatic colorectal cancer, yet Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS) does not fund any biomarker-matched therapy. Where each pathway is interrupted-evidence, regulatory indication, incorporation, testing, or price-and what would overcome each barrier remain unclear....
KRAS mutations are prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by poor outcomes due to limited therapies and drug resistance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are effective in hematological malignancies but...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that results from the progressive accumulation and interactions at multiple levels of genetic alterations, which lead to the transformation of normal colonic epithelium into malignant colorectal tumors. Understanding the molecular basis of CRC patho...
For patients with RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), effective second-line therapies remain limited. In this multicenter, single-arm phase II trial conducted from March 2023 to November 2025, we enrolled 42 patients with RAS-mutant mCRC who had progressed after first-line therapy. All ...
SGM-101 is a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeted near-infrared tracer, but fluorescence varies between and within colorectal tumors. We examined biological and tissue-contextual factors associated with ex vivo fluorescence in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM)...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in the approximately 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) that are microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR), whereas microsatellite-stable or mismatch repair-proficient (MSS/pMMR) disease rarely responds to ICI ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients possessing the BRAFV600E mutation often fail to respond to current first line therapies and are associated with poor prognosis, despite the advent of orally delivered small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) targeting the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Thus, further impr...
The optimal clinical implementation of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in metastatic colorectal cancer has not been fully established, and its clinical utility may differ according to genomic subtype. We aimed to evaluate genomic findings obtained from CGP according to baseline RAS and BRAF mu...
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), the most frequently altered oncogene, is a key target for T cell-based therapies. Mutant KRAS (mKRAS)-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) enable targeted treatment for patients with matching mKRAS/HLA allele pairs. We generated a TCR warehouse library covering approximately ...
Deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a distinct molecular subgroup with therapeutic implications, particularly in the context of immunotherapy and emerging targeted treatments. NTRK rearrangements are enriched in dMMR colorecta...
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a marker of cancer stem-like cells frequently upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) with lower expression in normal tissues, making it a favorable target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). ADCs combine antibody specificity with...
To date, no randomized controlled trial has compared different dose-schedule patterns of raltitrexed combined with irinotecan for the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of raltitrexed combined with irinotecan administere...
Trastuzumab rezetecan (SHR-A1811) is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Its activity in HER2-positive advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested by a phase I cohort (n=37; objective response rate 40.5%), but real-world experience ...
Colorectal liver metastases (CLM) exhibit distinct histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) at the metastasis-liver interface, clinically relevant for prognosis and potential predictive value. This study investigates the feasibility of using Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomograph...
Real-world safety profiles of targeted therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC) remain incompletely characterized, particularly across different chemotherapy backbones. This study characterizes adverse event (AE) reporting patterns for bevacizumab (BVZ), cetuximab (C225), and panitumumab (VEC), used as...
BRAF V600E mutations occur in approximately 8 to 12% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases and define an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis. While the BEACON CRC trial established encorafenib-based combinations as effective second-line options, direct head-to-head comparisons among avai...
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal and pancreatic cancers, remain among the most lethal cancers worldwide. These tumors often exhibit resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, largely due to microsatellite stability and a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). ...
We hypothesized that a dynamic surveillance strategy guided by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation would increase the rate of curative-intent therapy for recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) after curative resection. The FIND trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: N...
The 5-year follow-up results of KEYNOTE-177 established pembrolizumab as a standard first-line (1L) treatment for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), demonstrating improved response rates, progression-free survival (PFS), and tolerability over chemotherapy. Pembroli...
Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (CMA) is a histologically and molecularly distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), marked by abundant extracellular mucin, a predilection for the proximal colon, and frequent overlap with deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H), B...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) with KRAS mutations represents a clinically challenging subgroup with variable treatment responses. Among these tumors, codon 12 mutations are associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance, while KRASG12D-mutant CRCs lack effective mutation-specific therapeutic opti...
Risk stratification in localized colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inadequate. Transcriptome-based classifiers such as consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) improve this, but are challenging to implement. We determined the performance of a novel image-based method for CRC CMS subtyping (imCMS) using rou...
Metabolic reprogramming of myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) plays a role in immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). This metabolic reprogramming appears to be coordinated by oncogenic mutations (such as adenomatous polyposis coli, KRAS and TP53) through a proposed self‑reinf...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major global cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, with little effective treatment options. One of the main contributors of CRC is chronic inflammation, and nitric oxide (NO) has become a key factor in the pathophysiology of tumors. The concentrat...
The management of locally advanced rectal cancer is increasingly moving beyond a uniform cytotoxic framework toward biomarker-informed multimodal treatment. Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) is an established and convenient radiotherapy option and may also provide an immunomodulatory context for immu...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies globally and effective therapeutic strategies are essential. Oncolytic viruses present a promising therapeutic strategy in this regard. In a previous study, we synthesized two oncolytic herpes simplex virus type I (oHSV-1), oHSV-1.1, and...
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a powerful strategy for eliminating disease-driving proteins, yet its broader application remains constrained by limited target specificity and the lack of integrated therapeutic delivery functions. Here, we report Tri@N, a multimodal polymeric nanop...
The clinical efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy (± targeted agents) in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy of this regimen. We searched PubMed, Web of Science,...
Despite the breakthrough in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy in human cancer, colon cancer, except for the small subset of microsatellite instable human colon cancer, does not respond to ICI immunotherapy. As liver metastasis accounts for more than 90% of human colon cancer cases and ...
CAR-T therapy yields remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological malignancies, yet its translation to solid tumors, particularly gastrointestinal cancers, is impeded by multiple bottlenecks including antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and metabolic inhibition. Th...
The present study aimed to assess the utilization of biomarker testing, including companion diagnostics and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), in Japan and to highlight the value of large-scale real-world database analysis in precision oncology. Claims data from the Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd....
The clinical translation of small extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (sEV-miRNAs) for early colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis is often limited by their low abundance and complexity of biological fluids. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive electrochemical platform based on multifunctional DNA...
In resected liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer (LL-mCRC), disease-free survival (DFS) and postsurgical overall survival (psOS) have been found to be weakly related in heterogeneous retrospective series, challenging the role of DFS as a surrogate biomarker of psOS. Additionally, it remains un...
Preoperative immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are active in patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colon cancer (CC), whereas proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CC has been consistently considered resistant to first-generation ICIs. In the phase 2 UNICORN trial, we evaluated short-course p...
Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2/HER2) is a validated therapeutic target, the significance of ERBB3 (HER3) alterations across solid tumours remains poorly defined. We characterised such alterations to clarify the genomic landscape relevant to HER3-directed strategies, disting...
Tumorigenesis typically follows a multi-hit trajectory, driven by accumulating oncogenic mutations. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has long served as a paradigmatic model of multi-hit tumorigenesis, characterized by adenoma-carcinoma transition accompanied by acquisition of specific oncogene and tumor supp...
Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a heterogeneous mixture of peptides that we have previously explored as an intratumoral immunomodulator. However, its chemical complexity complicates the mechanistic interpretation and rational design. In this study, we evaluated a set of sequence-defined "glatiramoid" pep...