Últimas investigaciones científicas sobre cáncer colorrectal
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The management of multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases (BCRLMs) continues to evolve, and the optimal strategy remains controversial. This was a systematic review that analyzed the outcomes of different surgical strategies for BCRLMs. A systematic literature search that included MEDLINE, Emba...
Metastasis, responsible for > 90% of cancer-related mortality, represents the most lethal yet least mechanistically understood phase of cancer progression. A critical bottleneck is tumor cell migration through physically confined environments, including dense extracellular matrix, narrow capillaries...
This prospective phase II multicenter study evaluated a novel sandwich total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) strategy for patients with relatively low-risk distal locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The regimen consisted of two cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapeOx) administrated before, dur...
Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumours are highly sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade in the metastatic setting. Previous trials showed near-universal pathological responses after short-course dual immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with early-stage dMMR colon cancer, and high clinical c...
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal pathogenic mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is further exacerbated by dysregulated liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and LLPS, as well as their therapeutic targeting, remain unclear. U...
Although hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) added to cytoreductive surgery shows promise for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (CRC-PM), effectiveness remains variable. Given the predominance of consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) in CRC-PM and resistance to standard agent...
The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis has been widely investigated, with tumor-promoting inflammation proposed as an "enabling characteristic." However, little is known about the prognostic value of surgery-related inflammation. This study evaluates whether postoperative inflammati...
Conventional in vitro models often inadequately replicate the intricate vascular networks of tumors, limiting their translational relevance. Recent advances in vascularized tumor organoids offer a transformative approach to modeling angiogenic mechanisms and tumor microenvironment (TME) dynamics wit...
Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Its clinical utility in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited by differences in detection approaches and inconsistent cut-off values. In this meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed ...
Microsatellite stable and mismatch repair proficient colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the largest population of patients exposed to immune checkpoint inhibitors, yet remains largely refractory to these therapies. Resistance is commonly attributed to low tumor mutational burden or limited neoantige...
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key regulator of cellular growth and differentiation, and accumulating evidence links vitamin D signaling to tumor biology. However, the specific contributions of VDR across diverse cancers remain incompletely understood. This narrative review synthesizes current kn...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the colonic and rectal epithelia. Numerous patients with CRC derive only limited and unsustained benefit from conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Ferroptosis is an iron‑dependent, lipid peroxidati...
Completion total mesorectal excision (cTME) after local excision of early rectal cancer is associated with substantial morbidity and impaired functional outcomes. This study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy as an organ-preserving alternative in patients with hig...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors elicit responses in merely 20-40% of patients with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC), making immunotherapy resistance a formidable clinical challenge. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by regula...
BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an aggressive molecular subtype characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapies. Predictive models to guide treatment selection and overcome drug resistance are urgently needed. We established a biobank of patient-derived organ...
Liquid biopsy has become an increasingly important tool in clinical oncology due to the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ct-DNA). Plasma ct-DNA levels reflect the tumor burden of patients and provide valuable information for personalized treatment strategies. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the mo...
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ± targeted therapy is a standard of care in frail/elderly patients with an unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) in first-line setting. Panitumumab plus sotorasib combination (KRAS G12C inhibitor) are promising in advanced line in KRAS G12C-mutated CRC. Here we assess t...
Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) combined with bevacizumab (Bev) is a standard treatment for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in later-line therapy. Despite the availability of other drugs like regorafenib and fruquintinib, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment...
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent a targeted cancer therapy strategy that combines tumor-homing peptides with potent cytotoxic payloads, offering a promising alternative to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) through improved tissue penetration, synthetic accessibility, and tumor selectivity. Aur...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits considerable molecular heterogeneity. This study aimed to delineate the mutational landscape and investigate the associations between frequently mutated genes and key clinicopathological features in a single-center cohort of CRC patients using next-generation sequenc...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly the M2 subtype, foster immune suppression and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although WNT2 is upregulated in several cancers and RUNX1 is an oncogenic transcription factor in solid tumors, whether a RUNX1-WNT2 axis orchestrates M2 polarizatio...
Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) is a minimally invasive alternative to colorectal cancer lung metastases (CRLM) for non-surgical candidates. This study evaluated whether combined RAS/SMAD4 mutational status and microsatellite instability (MSI) predict outcomes after IGTA in CRLM, addressing the...
Sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSLd) are direct precursors of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) but pose a diagnostic challenge. We aim to explore contemporary practice leading to recommendations to improve detection of dysplasia. (i) The frequency of dysplasia in SSLs was estimated through a n...
The metabolic differences between tumor cells and normal tissue cells offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. For instance, compared to normal tissues, tumor cells exhibit a significantly higher dependency on methionine. However, current strategies for methionine restriction have limit...
Cuproptosis represents a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy, yet its efficacy is limited by difficulties in achieving targeted mitochondrial copper ion accumulation and upregulating cells reliance on mitochondrial respiration. To address this, we develop a biomimetic copper-based nanoplatform...
Brain metastases (BrM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are rare but carry dismal prognosis. Emerging genomic analyses have identified insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) amplification as a recurrent event in CRC BrM, suggesting a role in brain tropism and metabolic adaptation. To systematically evaluat...
Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, resulting in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors. Lynch-like syndrome (LL) exhibits MSI-H and MMR deficiency, but lacks identifiable germline MMR mutati...
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy often detected at an advanced stage with limited effective treatment options beyond first-line chemotherapy. The liver is a common site of metastasis, and patients frequently present with substantial hepatic disease burden that preclude...
Identifying safe and effective targets remains a major bottleneck for CAR T cell therapies. In this issue of Cell, Baker and colleagues developed a large language model (LLM)-assisted scoring framework to streamline this process and as a result identified and validated glycoprotein non-metastatic me...
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant global health burden, characterized by high incidence, poor prognosis, and limited response to monotherapies. The advent of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has introduced a novel therapeutic paradigm, enabling dual targeting of tumor-associated ant...
Ramucirumab plus FOLFIRI is an established second-line treatment option for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy. However, real-world data comparing outcomes according to prior biologic exposure are limited. We retrospectively reviewed patients with mCRC who...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated curative potential in hematologic cancers and increasing efficacy in solid tumors and non-malignant diseases. However, target identification remains a major bottleneck. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approach for CAR T ce...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have transitioned from clinically marginal agents into a defining therapeutic class for solid tumor oncology. In DESTINY-Breast03, trastuzumab deruxtecan achieved a four-fold progression-free survival advantage over trastuzumab emtansine, attributable not to antibody ...
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency are key predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In real-world practice, however, diagnostic pathways often involve heterogeneous testing modalities, which may lead to d...
Background/Objectives: Chronic inflammation is a key factor in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). When COX-2 levels and PGE2 production increase, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin (ASA) and selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofe...
Background/Objectives: PI3K/AKT/mTOR is a key pathway in cell proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Activating PIK3CA mutations are seen in up to 20% of colorectal cancers and are associated with increased cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Recent studies demonstrated a significant survival be...
The therapeutic armamentarium for colorectal cancer (CRC) has been significantly expanded with the introduction of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the response to immunotherapy is strongly dependent on microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Tumors with hig...
Objectives: Tissue-agnostic oncology personalizes treatments based on shared molecular biomarkers, addressing challenges like assay variability, control-arm rigor, and non-proportional hazards. Integrating efficacy, safety, and resistance factors with consistent estimands is essential for evaluating...
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing worldwide and exhibits clinical heterogeneity. Patients younger than 40 years may constitute a biologically distinct subgroup within EOCRC. We investigated whether 'very early-onset' metastatic colorectal cancer (VEOCRC, ages 30-39) exhibits specif...
Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a promising strategy to improve tumor response and oncological outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) , particularly in those with high-risk tumor characteristics. Although triplet chemotherapy (ie, FOLFOXIRI) is currently used exclusively ...
Obesity is highly prevalent among patients with cancer and is associated with increased risks of treatment-related complications, poorer oncological outcomes, and long-term morbidity. Despite this, current oncology nutrition guidelines primarily address malnutrition and provide limited direction for...
Microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), which accounts for approximately 85% of cases annually, has demonstrated limited responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade in the metastatic setting. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables sensitive detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) fo...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, largely due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the limited efficacy of immunotherapy in microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Histone lactylation, a post-translational modification derived from the Warburg e...
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains a major therapeutic challenge in multidisciplinary oncology. The increasing emphasis on early systemic intervention has positioned total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) as a central treatment paradigm, with the potential to improve control of occult metastatic...
In recent years,neoadjuvant therapy has become an integral part of the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer.However,only approximately 15%-25% of patients achieve pathological complete response(pCR).With advances in tumor immunotherapy,treatment strategies targeting mismatch repair ...
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of long-term (>3 months) severe anastomotic complications after rectal cancer surgery. Methods: A case-control study was employed, with the following inclusion criteria for cases: (1) age between 18 and 80 years; (2) history of radical surgery for rectal ca...
The dominance of immunotherapy-insensitive MSS colorectal cancers (CRCs), which represent most cases, contrasts sharply with the treatable MSI-H minority, making this disparity a key obstacle to progress. It is urgent to identify genes driving immune evasion in MSS CRCs. Here, using a genome-wide CR...
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a one-time mt-sDNA-based colorectal cancer screening program compared with no screening, using real-world data from a government-led population-based screening program in Harbin Municipality of China. This modelling study was based on a real-world mt-sDNA CRC sc...
The BRAFV600E mutation is a key oncogenic driver in multiple cancers. While FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors exist, their efficacy is often limited by drug resistance and adverse effects, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. This study aimed to computationally repurpose clinically ap...