Two Different Endoscopic Treatments for Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

The aim is to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic intermuscular dissection （EID） for the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NENs), thereby providing guidance for optimizing therapeutic strategies. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with R-NENs who underwent endoscopic resection at our center between January 2020 and February 2026. Patients were assigned to either the ESD group or the EID group. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared, including the number of lesions, maximum lesion diameter, single-lesion procedure time, postoperative complications, positive margin rate, pathological staging, lymphovascular invasion, and the need for additional therapies.