Asociación entre la mutación del gen KRAS y los factores clínico-patológicos en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal metastásico.

Colorectal cancer is a global health problem with high incidence and mortality rates, frequently diagnosed at metastatic stages. Mutations in the KRAS gene play a key role in colorectal cancer progression, significantly influencing treatment resistance and prognosis.

This study investigated the association between clinicopathological characteristics and KRAS mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This retrospective study evaluated medical records of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who underwent KRAS gene mutation testing. A total of 96 patients treated in 2024 were included in the analysis. KRAS mutations were identified in 63.54% of patients, predominantly in codon 12 (70.49%) and codon 13 (14.75%).

No significant associations were found between KRAS mutation status and factors such as sex, age, or tumor location. Nevertheless, KRAS mutations were more frequently observed in patients with left-sided colon tumors, contrasting with the findings described in the literature. KRAS mutations were associated with poorer prognosis, higher rates of metastases (particularly to the liver), and higher rates of resistance to conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy.

This study highlights the importance of KRAS mutation testing to support personalized, more effective treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.